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2021年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）
考前冲刺试卷1
Section ⅠUse of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Children should be encouraged to spend time outdoors to reduce their risk of becoming shortsighted, experts have said. Shortsightedness is 1 around the world, with the condition said to have reached epidemic proportions in east Asia; estimates 2 about 90% of teenagers and young adults in China have the condition. 3 genetics are thought to play a large 4 in who ends up shortsighted—a condition that is down to having an overly long eyeball—research also suggests 5 factors are important.
Several studies have found children who 6 more time outdoors have a 7 risk of myopia. While some report that looking into the distance could be important, others say 8 to outdoor light is key.
Experts say they have found new 9, and confirmed others, which could 10 a child’s risk of becoming shortsighted. These 11 playing computer games, being born in the summer and having a 12 highly educated mother.
“There is not much you can do about 13 your child is born ... but periods doing 14 activities does increase your risk of myopia,” said Katie Williams, an author of the study by King’s College London. “15 time outdoors and indoors and a balance during early education is important.”
Using data from 1,077 individuals for which all the necessary information was 16—and take into account factors such as age, sex and family relatedness—Williams and her colleagues found children born by fertility treatment had a 37% reduced odds of myopia by the time of a 17 test in their mid-teens.
18, those born in the summer had almost twice the odds of being shortsighted, which the researchers say is probably down to starting school earlier in life. 19, for every higher level of education the mother had, the odds of the teenager having the condition rose by 33%. Williams said the latter could be due to a genetic 20 between intelligence and myopia or to genetic or social factors including class, wealth and encouragement.
1. [A] occuring [B] changing [C] rising [D] reducing
2. [A] suggest [B] prove [C] measure [D] study
3. [A] When [B] But [C] While [D] So
4. [A] job [B] function [C] role [D] place
5. [A] physical [B] environmental [C] innate [D] inside
6. [A] take [B] use [C] cost [D] spend
7. [A] certain [B] higher [C] lower [D] small
8. [A] touch [B] exposure [C] contact [D] access
9. [A] factors [B] channels [C] evidence [D] components
10. [A] effect [B] affect [C] increase [D] decline
11. [A] exclude [B] conclude [C] consist [D] include
12. [A] more [B] less [C] much [D] little
13. [A] where [B] why [C] how [D] when
14. [A] indoor [B] outdoor [C] boring [D] interesting
15. [A] equal [B] balanced [C] different [D] comparable
16. [A] approachable [B] accessible [C] available [D] acceptable
17. [A] spirit [B] sight [C] strength [D] intelligence
18. [A] Moreover [B] Besides [C] However [D] Although
19. [A] Above all [B] In consequence [C] On occassion [D] In addition
20. [A] influence [B] distinction [C] link [D] similarity
Section ⅡReading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
State and local authorities from New Hampshire to San Francisco have begun banning the use of facial-recognition technology because the algorithms make lots of mistakes. Even if the tech gets more accurate, facial recognition could still unleash an invasion of privacy that could make anonymity impossible. And bans on its use by local governments have done little to curb adoption by businesses from start-ups to large corporations.
Automated face-recognition programs do have advantages, such as their ability to turn a person’s unique appearance into a biometric ID that can let phone users unlock their devices with a glance and allow airport security to quickly confirm travelers’ identities. To train such systems, researchers feed a variety of photographs to a machine-learning algorithm, which learns the features that are most salient to matching an image with an identity. The more data they amass, the more reliable these programs become.
Too often, though, the algorithms are deployed prematurely. In London, for example, police have begun using artificial-intelligence systems to scan surveillance footage in an attempt to pick out wanted criminals as they walk by—despite an independent review that found this system labeled suspects accurately only 19 percent of the time. An inaccurate system could falsely accuse innocent citizens of being miscreants, earmarking law-abiding people for tracking and harassment.
Some companies are attempting to improve their systems by feeding them more faces—but they are not always doing it in ethical ways. Google contractors in Atlanta, for example, have been accused of exploiting homeless people in the company’s quest for faces, buying their images for a few dollars, and start-up Clearview AI broke social media networks’ protocols to harvest users’ images without their consent. Such stories suggest that some companies are tackling this problem as an afterthought instead of addressing it responsibly.
Thus, federal regulations are clearly needed. They should require the hundreds of existing facial-recognition programs, many created by private companies, to undergo independent review by a government task force. The tech must meet a high standard of accuracy and demonstrate fairness across all demographic groups, and even if it meets those criteria, humans, not algorithms, should check a program’s output before taking action on its recommendations.
21. According to Paragraph 1, facial-recognition technology .
[A] involves a great many errors [B] becomes more sophisticated
[C] helps protect people’s privacy [D] wins the companies’ favor
22. Which of the following is not true about automated face-recognition programs
[A] They can bring great convenience to people.
[B] They can generate a large amount of data.
[C] They are based on a machine-learning algorithm.
[D] They can convert people’s look into biometric ID.
23. The word “miscreants”(Line 5, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to .
[A] criminals [B] merchants [C] saints [D] liars
24. The author’s attitude toward the behaviors of some companies is .
[A] skeptical [B] objective [C] favourable [D] critical
25. The following aspects can improve the facial-recognition technology EXCEPT .
[A] independent supervision should be taken on the technology
[B] high level of accuracy and fairness should be achieved
[C] sanctions should be implemented on the private companies
[D] humans’ examination on the output should be accomplished
Text 2
Gentz, a 34-year-old German who is a co-founder of Zalando—a European clone of Zappos, then online US shoes and fashion retailer owned by Amazon. He wanted to expand his company into the world’s largest digital market. But after the meetings with Chinese, Gentz decided China’s approach to online fashion was far ahead of anything available elsewhere. He marveled at how Chinese consumers freely chatted with—and bought from—brands and stylists on WeChat, a local Internet messenger, while online retailers, independent delivery companies and fashion houses routinely joined forces. We wanted to take that experience back to Europe, Gentz said.
Zalando’s approach of borrowing from its Chinese counterparts represents a new strategy of looking East, not West, for inspiration. In overhauling its successful European online fashion store into a digital platform, Zalando differs from others trying to match Amazon and its logistics and technological prowess. The German company previously focused on handling all sal
考前冲刺试卷1
Section ⅠUse of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Children should be encouraged to spend time outdoors to reduce their risk of becoming shortsighted, experts have said. Shortsightedness is 1 around the world, with the condition said to have reached epidemic proportions in east Asia; estimates 2 about 90% of teenagers and young adults in China have the condition. 3 genetics are thought to play a large 4 in who ends up shortsighted—a condition that is down to having an overly long eyeball—research also suggests 5 factors are important.
Several studies have found children who 6 more time outdoors have a 7 risk of myopia. While some report that looking into the distance could be important, others say 8 to outdoor light is key.
Experts say they have found new 9, and confirmed others, which could 10 a child’s risk of becoming shortsighted. These 11 playing computer games, being born in the summer and having a 12 highly educated mother.
“There is not much you can do about 13 your child is born ... but periods doing 14 activities does increase your risk of myopia,” said Katie Williams, an author of the study by King’s College London. “15 time outdoors and indoors and a balance during early education is important.”
Using data from 1,077 individuals for which all the necessary information was 16—and take into account factors such as age, sex and family relatedness—Williams and her colleagues found children born by fertility treatment had a 37% reduced odds of myopia by the time of a 17 test in their mid-teens.
18, those born in the summer had almost twice the odds of being shortsighted, which the researchers say is probably down to starting school earlier in life. 19, for every higher level of education the mother had, the odds of the teenager having the condition rose by 33%. Williams said the latter could be due to a genetic 20 between intelligence and myopia or to genetic or social factors including class, wealth and encouragement.
1. [A] occuring [B] changing [C] rising [D] reducing
2. [A] suggest [B] prove [C] measure [D] study
3. [A] When [B] But [C] While [D] So
4. [A] job [B] function [C] role [D] place
5. [A] physical [B] environmental [C] innate [D] inside
6. [A] take [B] use [C] cost [D] spend
7. [A] certain [B] higher [C] lower [D] small
8. [A] touch [B] exposure [C] contact [D] access
9. [A] factors [B] channels [C] evidence [D] components
10. [A] effect [B] affect [C] increase [D] decline
11. [A] exclude [B] conclude [C] consist [D] include
12. [A] more [B] less [C] much [D] little
13. [A] where [B] why [C] how [D] when
14. [A] indoor [B] outdoor [C] boring [D] interesting
15. [A] equal [B] balanced [C] different [D] comparable
16. [A] approachable [B] accessible [C] available [D] acceptable
17. [A] spirit [B] sight [C] strength [D] intelligence
18. [A] Moreover [B] Besides [C] However [D] Although
19. [A] Above all [B] In consequence [C] On occassion [D] In addition
20. [A] influence [B] distinction [C] link [D] similarity
Section ⅡReading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
State and local authorities from New Hampshire to San Francisco have begun banning the use of facial-recognition technology because the algorithms make lots of mistakes. Even if the tech gets more accurate, facial recognition could still unleash an invasion of privacy that could make anonymity impossible. And bans on its use by local governments have done little to curb adoption by businesses from start-ups to large corporations.
Automated face-recognition programs do have advantages, such as their ability to turn a person’s unique appearance into a biometric ID that can let phone users unlock their devices with a glance and allow airport security to quickly confirm travelers’ identities. To train such systems, researchers feed a variety of photographs to a machine-learning algorithm, which learns the features that are most salient to matching an image with an identity. The more data they amass, the more reliable these programs become.
Too often, though, the algorithms are deployed prematurely. In London, for example, police have begun using artificial-intelligence systems to scan surveillance footage in an attempt to pick out wanted criminals as they walk by—despite an independent review that found this system labeled suspects accurately only 19 percent of the time. An inaccurate system could falsely accuse innocent citizens of being miscreants, earmarking law-abiding people for tracking and harassment.
Some companies are attempting to improve their systems by feeding them more faces—but they are not always doing it in ethical ways. Google contractors in Atlanta, for example, have been accused of exploiting homeless people in the company’s quest for faces, buying their images for a few dollars, and start-up Clearview AI broke social media networks’ protocols to harvest users’ images without their consent. Such stories suggest that some companies are tackling this problem as an afterthought instead of addressing it responsibly.
Thus, federal regulations are clearly needed. They should require the hundreds of existing facial-recognition programs, many created by private companies, to undergo independent review by a government task force. The tech must meet a high standard of accuracy and demonstrate fairness across all demographic groups, and even if it meets those criteria, humans, not algorithms, should check a program’s output before taking action on its recommendations.
21. According to Paragraph 1, facial-recognition technology .
[A] involves a great many errors [B] becomes more sophisticated
[C] helps protect people’s privacy [D] wins the companies’ favor
22. Which of the following is not true about automated face-recognition programs
[A] They can bring great convenience to people.
[B] They can generate a large amount of data.
[C] They are based on a machine-learning algorithm.
[D] They can convert people’s look into biometric ID.
23. The word “miscreants”(Line 5, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to .
[A] criminals [B] merchants [C] saints [D] liars
24. The author’s attitude toward the behaviors of some companies is .
[A] skeptical [B] objective [C] favourable [D] critical
25. The following aspects can improve the facial-recognition technology EXCEPT .
[A] independent supervision should be taken on the technology
[B] high level of accuracy and fairness should be achieved
[C] sanctions should be implemented on the private companies
[D] humans’ examination on the output should be accomplished
Text 2
Gentz, a 34-year-old German who is a co-founder of Zalando—a European clone of Zappos, then online US shoes and fashion retailer owned by Amazon. He wanted to expand his company into the world’s largest digital market. But after the meetings with Chinese, Gentz decided China’s approach to online fashion was far ahead of anything available elsewhere. He marveled at how Chinese consumers freely chatted with—and bought from—brands and stylists on WeChat, a local Internet messenger, while online retailers, independent delivery companies and fashion houses routinely joined forces. We wanted to take that experience back to Europe, Gentz said.
Zalando’s approach of borrowing from its Chinese counterparts represents a new strategy of looking East, not West, for inspiration. In overhauling its successful European online fashion store into a digital platform, Zalando differs from others trying to match Amazon and its logistics and technological prowess. The German company previously focused on handling all sal
本书包含以下内容（试卷附参考答案及详解）
2021年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）考前冲刺试卷1
2021年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）考前冲刺试卷2
2021年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）考前冲刺试卷3
2021年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）考前冲刺试卷4
2021年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）考前冲刺试卷5
赠品：考研英语（二）试题答题卡
2021年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）考前冲刺试卷1
2021年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）考前冲刺试卷2
2021年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）考前冲刺试卷3
2021年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）考前冲刺试卷4
2021年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）考前冲刺试卷5
赠品：考研英语（二）试题答题卡
《中公版·2021MBA、MPA、MPAcc管理类联考：英语（二）考前冲刺5套卷（新大纲版）》考研英语（二）考试主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性的招生考试科目。其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等院校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。
考研英语（二）满分为100分，考试时间为180分钟，内容包括四个部分：英语知识运用（10分），阅读理解（50分），英译汉（15分）和写作（25分）。
本书为参加2021年管理类专业学位联考的考生量身定做，也适用于参加考研英语（二）的学生。本书每套冲刺卷均单独成册，便于考生携带和分阶段测验，及时检验学习成果。同时，每套试卷内附“考研英语（二）试题答题卡”，有助于考生模拟演练。
考研英语（二）满分为100分，考试时间为180分钟，内容包括四个部分：英语知识运用（10分），阅读理解（50分），英译汉（15分）和写作（25分）。
本书为参加2021年管理类专业学位联考的考生量身定做，也适用于参加考研英语（二）的学生。本书每套冲刺卷均单独成册，便于考生携带和分阶段测验，及时检验学习成果。同时，每套试卷内附“考研英语（二）试题答题卡”，有助于考生模拟演练。
因印刷批次不同，图书封面可能与实际展示有所区别，增值服务也可能会有所不同，以读者收到实物为准《中公版·2021MBA、MPA、MPAcc管理类联考：英语（二）考前冲刺5套卷（新大纲版）》由中公教育研究生考试研究院编写而成，本书的主要特色如下：
1.紧跟命题规律 把握考试脉搏
本书中的5套卷严格依据考研英语（二）历年真题取材特点及规律命制，其题型、题量、命制特点及试题难度，均依据考研英语（二）新大纲设置，有助于考生在短时间内了解命题规律，把握考试脉搏。
2.依据真题特点 取材热门刊物
本书的5套冲刺试卷文章依据考研英语（二）历年真题取材特点及规律命制，均取自历年真题题源，涵盖《经济学人》《纽约时报》《科学美国人》等原版外文报刊，其题材涉及科技、经济、文化等领域的当下热点话题。如：科技类包括人工智能的恶意软件将会导致新的数字军备竞赛，经济类包括互联网使贫富差距加大，文化类包括美国科技巨头通过慈善事业影响教育的现象等。考生可通过练习不同类型的文章，在扩大自己知识面的同时熟悉相关热门题材，做到考前不慌，临阵不乱。
3.点拨作答技巧 全真模拟演练
5套冲刺试卷均附有答案速查、总体分析、试题详解、重点词汇和短语及全文翻译版块。考生可以快速核对答案、进行自我测评，并通过答案的思路点拨总结做题方法，灵活运用试卷提供的解题技巧达到事半功倍的效果。此外，本书还赠送了答题卡，以便考生模拟练习。
1.紧跟命题规律 把握考试脉搏
本书中的5套卷严格依据考研英语（二）历年真题取材特点及规律命制，其题型、题量、命制特点及试题难度，均依据考研英语（二）新大纲设置，有助于考生在短时间内了解命题规律，把握考试脉搏。
2.依据真题特点 取材热门刊物
本书的5套冲刺试卷文章依据考研英语（二）历年真题取材特点及规律命制，均取自历年真题题源，涵盖《经济学人》《纽约时报》《科学美国人》等原版外文报刊，其题材涉及科技、经济、文化等领域的当下热点话题。如：科技类包括人工智能的恶意软件将会导致新的数字军备竞赛，经济类包括互联网使贫富差距加大，文化类包括美国科技巨头通过慈善事业影响教育的现象等。考生可通过练习不同类型的文章，在扩大自己知识面的同时熟悉相关热门题材，做到考前不慌，临阵不乱。
3.点拨作答技巧 全真模拟演练
5套冲刺试卷均附有答案速查、总体分析、试题详解、重点词汇和短语及全文翻译版块。考生可以快速核对答案、进行自我测评，并通过答案的思路点拨总结做题方法，灵活运用试卷提供的解题技巧达到事半功倍的效果。此外，本书还赠送了答题卡，以便考生模拟练习。
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